ENNEAGRAM TYPE SIX
THE ULTIMATE GUIDE
Key Traits
Hypervigilance: The Six individual is motivated to frequently be “on alert” to signs of danger and threats.
Theoretical Orientation: The Six lives in the realm of intellect, not only as a method of solving problems but also as a way of “problem-seeking” in an attempt to feel safe.
Orientation to Authority: Sixes live in a hierarchical world, and they both love and hate authorities, reflecting the early experience of both loving a parent and hating being dominated or somehow punished by that same parent.
Doubt and Ambivalence: Built in to the way a Six thinks is a tendency to doubt and question nearly everything. This reflects both an anxiety about the intentions of others and a need to feel secure through testing and mentally evaluating people and ideas.
Contrarian Thinking: As a way of looking for the right answer and defending against heedlessly accepting someone else’s power to dominate, when Sixes hear a statement or an opinion, they often automatically speak to the other side.
This content is adapted from the below publications. Browse them here.
The Complete Enneagram: 27 Paths to Greater Self-Awareness by Beatrice Chestnut, PhD.; The 9 Types of Leadership: Mastering the Art of People in the 21st Century Workplace by Beatrice Chestnut, PhD.; [Forthcoming] The Enneagram Guide to Waking Up: Find your path, face your shadow, discover your true self by Beatrice Chestnut, PhD and Uranio Paes, MM.
OVERVIEW
Type Six represents the archetype of the person who, given the fear of impending threat, seeks to find safety through the protection of others or by taking refuge in their own strength. The drive of this archetype is to scan for danger in a scary world and defensively manage fear and anxiety through fight, flight, or friends.
Type Sixes are thus the prototype for that tendency in all of us that needs to find a sense of security in the world in the face of the fears that naturally arise as part of being human—fears we feel (especially) as we seek to disidentify with our personality. All the personality types feel afraid in different ways, but the Six’s placement on the Enneagram map communicates the idea that “as long as we are identified with our personality structure, we live in fear.” The “acorn-self ” doesn’t know a life without fear; only the “oak tree-Self ” grows beyond fear and anxiety.
As part of the foundational inner triangle of the Enneagram, the Six Point represents a basic step in the path of transformation we all must take in order to transcend the ego. After observing our habitual patterns so that we can disidentify with, or separate from, our ego-personality (symbolized by the Three Point), we must all do the work it takes to find a way to face our fears, work through the anxiety that arises from losing our egos, and contend with the emotions our personality arose to defend us against in the first place.
The Six Point sheds light on the psychological fear of letting down our defenses—the anxiety that inevitably occurs when we courageously allow ourselves to be vulnerable and unguarded, but which must be overcome if we are to grow toward union with our true selves.
Sixes represent the prototype for the universal human tendency to contract in fear and develop a personality that will protect us when we are young—a response to the understandable fear associated with being a small person in a big world. Psychologists talk about “basic trust” as an early stage of growth necessary to feeling a sense of well-being in the world. If we can’t achieve a certain level of faith and trust in our environment, it’s hard (or impossible) to live our lives and develop our inherent capacities.
The Six archetype, like the widely known phrase “fight or flight,” illustrates the basic range of normal human reactions to fear. (Sometimes “freeze” is also included as a basic response to fear, as in “fight, flight, or freeze.”) As in all animals, it is clear that fear represents a vital survival mechanism in humans, in that it alerts us to the presence of danger. In the three Type Six subtype personalities, we see how three basic, but distinct, responses to fear shape the personality.
Focus of Attention
Sixes focus on thinking about what might go wrong and strategizing and preparing for it. A response to an early experience of danger, Sixes have an adaptive strategy that centers on detecting threats and coping with fear.
THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS
Analytical and strategic in their thinking, Sixes think in terms of how to manage uncertainty to feel safe. They think things through thoroughly, even to the point of getting paralyzed by overanalysis. Aside from fear, they tend to have less access to other feelings, though they can be the most feeling of the Head Types.
BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
Sixes have a strong desire for a good authority, but can be suspicious of and rebellious against real-life authorities. They can be hard workers, intent on control and achievement, or they can have a hard time getting things done, getting caught up in procrastination, indecision, and fear of success.
BLIND SPOTS
their fear and how it drives their behavior
their own power
projecting fears onto others and assume ill intent in the relationship
what’s working well
faith that things will work out
THE PASSION IS fear
Fear is a universal emotion central to assuring survival in all animals—and it’s the passion of Type Six. As the emotional passion that gives shape to the Six personality, fear can take many forms and can be more or less conscious. It can take the form of a fear of the unknown; it can motivate anxiety and obsessive worrying about potential threats to well-being; or it can feel like self-doubt and uncertainty. It can be experienced as guilt and shame related to your sense of self, or it can surface as a conviction that someone means you harm or can’t be trusted. Fear can be constant and paralyzing; it can motivate obedience to rules and order to maintain control and safety; or it can manifest as a forceful counterreaction of aggression born of a desire (or impulse) to attack when afraid.
WHEN BLIND SPOTS ARE INTEGRATED
create a deeper understanding of their fears and therefore are able to take courageous intentional action in the face of them.
stop projecting power and authority onto others and own it more themselves.
see both problems and opportunities, be decisive, and take action in a timely manner.
balance healthy skepticism with more faith and trust.
THE VIRTUE IS COURAGE
Courage is the virtue that provides an antidote to the Type 6 passion of fear. Through courage, Sixes keep their hearts open in the face of anything that is happening (or may happen), and calmly but decisively take their next steps forward. They keep moving ahead because of a higher need or will, without any need to engage in a “fight-or-flight” response. They have a deep sense of confidence in their capacity to handle any challenge that comes their way. They trust themselves and the world, and don’t need to imagine all the pitfalls they could experience before they forge ahead. They take full responsibility for their own lives, knowing they can deal with whatever life brings them.
THE PATH FROM fear TO courage
The Type Six paradox arises from the polarity between the passion of fear and the virtue of courage. By becoming aware of all the ways fear operates, this type opens up to experimenting with new ways of living and develops the capacity to go into action with their hearts open—which, in turn, allows them to feel more peace and self-confidence. They stop trying to be certain about everything before doing things and feel more connected to their bodies and their hearts. They develop the ability to move out of their heads at will and feel guided by faith instead of fear.
TYPE SIX SUBTYPES
SELF-PRESERVATION six:
warmth
Self-Preservation Sixes express the passion of fear through a need for protection, for friendship, and for banding together with others. In seeking protective alliances, SP Sixes endeavor to be warm, friendly, and trustworthy, which is why they bear the name “Warmth.” This most “phobic” of the Sixes has difficulty expressing anger, feels uncertain, and engages in a lot of self-doubt. For SP Sixes, fear manifests as insecurity, and they focus on relationships as a way of feeling safer in the world.
SOCIAL six:
duty
Social Sixes express fear through a need to deal with anxiety by relying on abstract reason or ideologies as a frame of reference. Obeying authority through knowing the rules helps them to feel safe in the world. Unlike the SP Six, this Six has more certainty and can be “too sure” of things as a way of dealing with the anxiety of uncertainty. Social Sixes focus on precision and efficiency. They adhere to whatever the guidelines are as a form of having a protective authority.
SEXUAL six:
strength/beauty
The Countertype
Sexual Sixes express fear by going against fear—by becoming strong and intimidating. Trusting themselves more than others, these Sixes have the inner programming that when you are afraid, the best defense is a good offense. They take on a powerful stance, both in what they do and how they look, as a way of holding the enemy at a distance. Their anxiety is allayed through skill and readiness in the face of an attack.
GROWTH PATH
As Sixes work on themselves and become more self-aware, they learn to escape the trap of intensifying their fear (through their attempts to reduce it) by doing the following: seeking to embody faith and courage, becoming aware of how they create self-fullling prophecies, learning to trust themselves (and others) more, and owning their power and authority instead of projecting it out onto others.
For Sixes, waking up to habitual personality patterns involves observing the ways they cope with fear and anxiety; exploring the ways they behave when they are scared (and the motives behind their behavior); and making active efforts to develop trust, faith and courage.
wings and arrows
In using the Enneagram to further growth, as it is intended, the first steps involve observing yourself to make the patterns and habits associated with your main, or “core,” type more conscious.
After you have done this for a while, you can create further growth shifts by using the wings and arrows as pathways for growth.
The Enneagram’s arrow lines point in the direction of each type’s specific path of psychological and spiritual growth and away from important characteristics and experiences we had to repress in childhood (but periodically return to for a sense of security). These connection points indicated by the Enneagram diagram help us see how we can aim to embody the higher aspects of these two specific points to further our inner journey: the point ahead of our core point represents key challenges we need to master to become more whole and the point behind our core type along the arrow lines represents issues from the past that we need to re-integrate such that we can reclaim what we disowned in childhood to ground and support our forward movement along the path indicated by the arrows.
moving back to type 9
The path of growth for Type Sixes calls for them to reclaim their ability to relax in their connections with others and go with the flow of life without having to worry about threats in the environment or something bad happening. Sixes may not have been able to find inner support through connections with others because those others may have been threatening, punishing, unpredictable, absent, or ineffectual. Instead of being able to blend with others and find a comfortable sense of merging in relationships, Sixes usually had to move away from others in order to protect themselves from dangerous people or find safety in independence. Nines often say they trust others easily, but many Sixes did not have this luxury when they were young, and so have become stuck in mistrust and suspicion as a survival strategy.
Sixes may return to their “child–heart” point of Nine as a way of finding a sense of security through merging with something or someone safe—by taking refuge in a comfortable place or a connection with another. Sandra Maitri explains that within every Six is a lazy, Nine-ish child “who just wants to stay under the covers, doesn’t want to go out and face the world, wants only to be comfortable and entertained.”
Navigated consciously, a Six can use the “move to Nine” developmentally by establishing a healthy balance between watching out for dangers to their well-being and being able to relax in the security of supportive relationships. Sixes can focus on the attributes of this “child-heart” point to understand what they may have needed from their early relationships that they didn’t get enough of, and then seek those things out as a way of tempering the fear and mistrust they had to develop to survive.
moving ahead to type 3
The Inner Flow growth path for Type Sixes bring them into direct contact with challenges embodied in Type Three: developing an ability to use goals and relationships as supports to overcome fear, take action, and achieve results. In extremely stressful situations, Sixes may defensively act out the “low side” of Threes by engaging in frantic action or anxious striving. However, by engaging the Three Point in a conscious way and seeking to embody the higher Type Three qualities of productivity, honesty, and hope, Sixes can work against the fears that hold them back.
In light of their tendencies to become paralyzed by fearfulness and overanalysis or throw themselves into nervous hard work, Sixes can use Three Point to shift their attention away from their fears and anxieties and focus instead on the worthiness of their goals, the positive aspects connected to impressing others with their good work, and sincere pride in achievement. As getting stuck in fear can, in the extreme, threaten Sixes’ well-being, it serves them to learn to use the natural motivation Threes feel toward forward movement and the accomplishment of goals to counteract their habit of getting caught up in inaction or indecisiveness.The Six working consciously in this way can make ready use of the tools healthy Type Threes use: self-confidence, an ability to manage feelings, and dedication to results.
The high side of the Three stance has its basis in honest self-expression, the enjoyment of activity in the service of making things happen in effective ways, and the hopeful expectation that they will be rewarded for their sincere efforts. These Three aspects can serve to balance out Sixes’ preoccupation with what might go wrong, which can weaken their ability to act in the world. By focusing on realizing the higher capacities associated with Type Threes—actively focusing on the drive, industriousness, hopeful outlook, and healthy desire for recognition of the Three Point—Sixes can counter their tendency to undermine themselves through insecurity, doubt, and the fear of attracting attention and becoming a target.
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